ZX SPECTRUM BASIC Programming

ZX Spectrum BASIC Programming
By Steven Vickers
Edited by Robin Bradbeer

First edition 1982
by Sinclair Research Limited
Cover illustration by John Harris of Young Artists

First Edition

CONTENTS
Chapter1 Introduction
A guide to the ZX Spectrum keyboard and a description of the display.
Chapter 2 Basic programming concepts
Programs, line numbers, editing programs using , and EDIT, RUN, LIST, GO TO, CONTINUE, INPUT, NEW, REM, PRINT, STOP in INPUT data, BREAK
Chapter 3 Decisions
IF, STOP, =, <, >, <=, >=, <>
Chapter 4 Looping
FOR, NEXT, TO, STEP. Introducing FOR-NEXT loops
Chapter 5 Subroutines
GO SUB, RETURN
Chapter 6 READ, DATA, RESTORE
Chapter 7 Expressions
Mathematical expressions using +, -, *, /, scientific notation and variable names.
Chapter 8 Strings
Handling strings and slicing.
Chapter 9 Functions
User-definable functions and others readily available on the ZX Spectrum using DEF, LEN, STR$, VAL, SGN, ABS, INT, SQR, FN
Chapter 10 Mathematical functions
Including simple trigonometry: , PI, EXP, LN, SIN, COS, TAN, ASN, ACS, ATN
Chapter 11 Random numbers
Using RANDOMIZE and RND.
Chapter 12 Arrays
Strings and numeric arrays - DIM.
Chapter 13 Conditions
Logical expressions: AND, OR, NOT.
Chapter 14 The character set
A look at the ZX character set including graphics and how to construct your own graphic characters: CODE, CHR$, POKE, PEEK, USR, BIN
Chapter 15 More about PRINT and INPUT
Some more complicated uses of these commands using separators: ,;' , TAB, AT, LINE and CLS.
Chapter 16 Colours
INK, PAPER, FLASH, BRIGHT, INVERSE, OVER, BORDER
Chapter 17 Graphics
PLOT, DRAW, CIRCLE, POINT
Chapter 18 Motion
Animated graphics using PAUSE, INKEY$ and PEEK.
Chapter 19 BEEP
The sound capabilities of the ZX Spectrum using BEEP.
Chapter 20 Tape Storage
How to store your programs on cassette tape: SAVE, LOAD, VERIFY, MERGE.
Chapter 21 The ZX Printer
LLIST, LPRINT, COPY
Chapter 22 Other equipment
Connecting the ZX Spectrum to other machines and devices.
Chapter 23 IN and OUT
Input/Output ports and their uses: IN, OUT
Chapter 24 The memory
A look at the internal workings of the ZX Spectrum: CLEAR
Chapter 25 The system variables
Chapter 26 Using machine code
Introducing USR with a numeric argument
APPENDIX A The character set
APPENDIX B Reports
APPENDIX C A description of the ZX Spectrum for reference
APPENDIX D Example programs
APPENDIX E Binary and hexadecimal